Species Tolerances

• Drought Tolerance: Medium
• Shade Tolerance: Yes
• Waterlogging Tolerance: Low
• Frost Tolerance (trees from warmer climates may be frost tolerant, but their flowers may not be): Yes
• RHS Hardiness: H6
• Optimum Conditions for Growth:
  A medium sized understorey tree of woodland. Prefers moist but well-drained and moderately fertile soil. Avoid frost pockets if being grown for fruit. No strong dependence on either acid or alkaline soil pH. Flowers and fruits best in full sun. A shallow rooted tree so not tolerant of gales or exposure.
• Susceptibility to Pest/Disease:
  None of note at present in the UK.

Service to Pollinators

• Summary of Service to Pollinators:
  Valuable source of early pollen and nectar, especially useful for the spring build up of all bee colonies. Honeydew also produced when aphids active. Extra-floral nectaries also producing nectar.
• Nectar Value to Pollinators: 3 (of 0-3)
• Honeydew Value to Pollinators: 1 (of 0-3)
• Pollen Value to Bees: 3 (of 0-3)
• Flowering Period: April

Risks

• Human Toxicity: Toxic
• Livestock Toxicity: Toxic
• Invasive Risk: No
• Suckering: Yes

Utility

• Nitrogen Fixation: No
• Organic Matter Accumulation: Yes
• Phytoremediation: Insufficient Data
• Deacidification: Insufficient Data
• Windbreak: No
• Soil Erosion Control: Yes
• Shade or Shelter: Yes
• Plant Support: Yes
• Integrated Pest Management: Insufficient Data
• Wildlife Value: Yes
• Wildlife Value Summary:
  Good for biodiversity referring to invertebrate diversity feeding on the tree, especially insects such as moths and beetles. Fruit are available to a large range of birds and mammals.
• Graduated Nativeness Classification
  ⓘ

  1. Historic Native
  2. Historic Introduction
  9. Neutral Introduction
  
  : 1 (of 1-10)