Salix caprea

Goat willow

Species Tolerances

  • Drought Tolerance: Medium
  • Shade Tolerance: No
  • Waterlogging Tolerance: Medium
  • Frost Tolerance (trees from warmer climates may be frost tolerant, but their flowers may not be): Yes
  • RHS Hardiness: H6
  • Optimum Conditions for Growth:
    A small tree which grows in a wider range of soils than most other willows. Tolerates alkaline and relatively dry soils as well as marshy ground, lake margins or hedgerow. Occurs widely throughout the British Isles.
  • Susceptibility to Pest/Disease:
    May be susceptible to honey fungus and watermark disease

Salix caprea male inflorescence, Czechian, Apis mellifera/ T. Kebert/ https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en

Service to Pollinators

  • Summary of Service to Pollinators:
    Good source of nectar and pollen for all species of bee in spring, and a good source of honeydew when aphids are active. Also provides some resins/oils for honeybees to make propolis
  • Nectar Value to Pollinators: 2 (of 0-3)
  • Honeydew Value to Pollinators: 2 (of 0-3)
  • Pollen Value to Bees: 2 (of 0-3)
  • Flowering Period: March-Apr

Risks

  • Human Toxicity: Non-toxic
  • Livestock Toxicity: Non-toxic
  • Invasive Risk: No
  • Suckering: No

Products

  • Edible Fruit: No
  • Edible Leaves: Insufficient Data
  • Edible Sap: Insufficient Data
  • Edible Seeds: Insufficient Data
  • Honey, major source in UK: Yes
  • For any medicinal potential, see 'Further Details' below.
  • Timber: No
  • Livestock Fodder: Yes
  • Other Products:
    Woodchip, biomass, is easy to coppice or pollard.

Utility

  • Nitrogen Fixation: Yes
  • Organic Matter Accumulation: Insufficient Data
  • Phytoremediation: Insufficient Data
  • Deacidification: Insufficient Data
  • Windbreak: Yes
  • Soil Erosion Control: Yes
  • Shade or Shelter: Yes
  • Plant Support: Insufficient Data
  • Integrated Pest Management: Insufficient Data
  • Wildlife Value: Yes
  • Wildlife Value Summary:
    Very good for biodiversity referring to invertebrate diversity feeding on the tree, especially insects. Seeds and fruit are available to a large range of birds and mammals.
  • Graduated Nativeness Classification
    1. Historic Native
    2. Historic Introduction
    9. Neutral Introduction
    : 1 (of 1-10)

Further Details

    Will hybridize with other willows, especially Salix cinerea (Grey will/Common sallow). Medicinal potential. Can reach 20m tall in sheltered woodland, but often no more than 8m rounded clumps and 20m wide on open ground.